British vs. American English

Dear Mr. G:

You wrote:

> Hello,
>
> Do your products use correct English or American? As an example, will this
> suggest the incorrect term, “gotten” as being a current correct English (as
> does Microsoft Word grammar check?
>
In virtually all cases English and American grammar are the same. This is true for all but a small number of spelling instances. We do have a page on the differences and try to summarize most of them. A sample of this page can be seen at https://englishplus.com/grammar/00000186.htm. Our Grammar Slammer Deluxe with Checkers has both British and American dictionaries for the spelling checker and settings in the grammar checker for that you can change for the few items that do differ.

I also recommend taking a look at our page https://englishplus.com/news/news0299.htm for an article on what you can and cannot expect from grammar and spelling checkers.

Thanks for your input. I was trying to minimize the differences.
>
> I will beg to differ; English is far more different than most might realise.
> Indeed, there are a lot of Americans and British who converse with each
> other without realizing that that their communications are being taken in a
> very different way than intended. I have lived in the USA for many years
> and still I find new differences, and things that I have been
> misunderstanding through the years.
>
> American vs. British Grammar (oxymoron) URL,
> https://englishplus.com/grammar/00000186.htm I think that Sir Winston
> Churchill’s quote was English humour, misunderstood in the translation to
> American (bearing in mind his mother was American). I do not see the BBC
> ending sentence with a preposition.

I understand that, but the “rule” was an artificial one nevertheless.

>
> Maths (not math) was my strong suit; typical of an engineer, Shamefully, I
> had little interest in English other than report writing, until moving to
> the US. It was trying to understand why Americans had bastardised the
> language more than others and how it reached this point that really got me
> interested in my own language. Hearing American television presenters
> crucifying the language that they describe as English made me cringe.
> Announcing the weeks “Winingest team” is not correct English.

I’m not crazy about “winningest” either. That term and ones like it often are first coined by advertisers.

A lot of the differences can actually be traced back to England. More early settlers of the US northeast were settled by people from East Anglia. The US southeast had many Scotch-Irish. But languages change over time and
distance. Considering we have gone our own ways for two hundred years, we are a lot closer than, say, the English of London in 1350 and 1600.

>
> I have learned that the greatest problem is the misapprehension that the
> English (and broader the British) and Americans speak use the same language.
> If grammatical rules are to be quoted in the name of being English, then
> there is one that is correct. That is English! But this is not saying that
> “knowing where it is at” is bad American, just bad English.
>
“Where it’s at” was originally coined deliberately knowing it was redundant.As a youngster, I recall viewing it as a grammatical joke. However popular songs (from both sides of the Atlantic, if I recall correctly) seemed to have made it easier to tolerate. Where replaces the prepositional phrase, so even Americans would consider this nonstandard, or at best colloquial. See our https://englishplus.com/grammar/00000179.htm .

My experience has been that most actual British-American misunderstanding comes from vocabulary (bonnet vs. hood, torch vs. flashlight, pants vs. underwear, that sort of thing).

> This site may be of interest and if I understand correctly, does much for
> English, as it seems your product does for American.
>
> http://www.the-times.co.uk/styleguide/ The Times Style Guide aims to provide
> a quick reference to contentious points of grammar and spelling and to guide
> through specialised areas where confusions have arisen in the past. The
> alphabetical list covers the main points from previous style guides as well
> as recurring problems experienced by editorial staff
>
This is excellent. I will carry a link to this on my site. (It may take a
few days before it gets posted). Thank you for calling my attention to it.

That vs. Which

Dear Ms. G:

You wrote:

> Just for your information, I saw a spot in the Run-on Sentences section that
> misused which/that. In the second sentence: “Sometimes even sentences which
> are technically correct …”, the “which” should be a “that.” On a grammar
> web site, that may be something you’d like to correct. Thank you!
>
May I ask why? It seems that either is OK here. Either word can refer to
things.

You wrote:

> Hello James!
>
> “That” is technically correct in the given sentence. It’s a matter of
> nonrestricive clauses vs. restrictive clauses, also known as nonessential
> and essential clauses.
>
> Restrictive/essential clauses follow and limit the words they modify. They
> are essential to the meaning of the main clause and are not set off by
> commas. Nonrestrictive/nonessential clauses are not essential to the meaning
> of the main clause and may be omitted. These clauses ARE set off by commas.
>
> The clause in the given sentence is important to its meaning: “Sometimes
> even sentences that are technically correct …” It is an essential clause
> because it determines the meaning of what comes next in the sentence.
> Therefore, the word “that” should be used, and the clause should not be set
> off by commas.
>
> If the clause is nonessential, and is thus not important to the sentence but
> just mentioned as an aside, it would use “which” and be set off by commas.
> In that case, you’d be talking about all sentences, and interjecting “which
> are technically correct.” However, in the sentence we’re talking about, the
> whole point is that a sentence can be technically correct and still
> [whatever the next part of the sentence is].
>
> The following links provide good explanations. Let me know if you think I’m
> incorrect on this. Thanks!
> http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/whoVwhVt.html
> http://www.odyssey.net/subscribers/english/engcons4.html
>
Yes, the comma is helpful to distinguish restrictive from nonrestrictive modifiers, but using “that” for one and “which” for the other does not appear to be a pattern that is followed regularly by anyone. It’s like the
“no adverb in the middle of an infinitive” pattern; it might serve a purpose in understanding grammar, but it is not anything that serves a useful purpose in communication and is often honored in the breach. And frankly, it can be an annoyance when it pops up on certain grammar checkers because the checker cannot make the subtle distinction you make here.

Important or Importantly?

You wrote:
> Hello,
> You are turning out to become a regular resource for me, are you not?
> Here’s a question with which I’m hoping you might help me. Which is correct?:
>
> more important
> or
> more importantly
>
> “Drinking water helps to cure your thirst…______…it helps to hydrate you?”
>
> I’ve always thought that is should be “importantly,” but I hear this used
> least.
>
> Thank you,
>
In this sentence, “more important” is correct in the sense I believe you mean it to be. “Important” is an adjective; it modifies nouns or pronouns. “Importantly” is an adverb; it modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. In this
construction “Drinking water” is what is important. “Drinking water” is a gerund phrase and the subject of the sentence; therefore, it is a noun. You would use “important” to modify it.

Plural of Acronyms

Dear Mr. B:

You wrote:
> Hello,
> Please help with this grammar issue: What is the rule for using
> apostrophes with acronyms? I see apostrophes commonly used with an acronym
> to indicate a plural usage but doesn’t it really mean that it’s possessive?!?
>
> RMM’s
> RMMs
>
This is a good question. There is a little confusion because we DO use ‘s for plurals of words, letters, and numbers that name themselves: don’t forget to dot your i’s and cross your t’s. However, plural acronyms which have no periods are treated like words. They would only have apostrophe plus s for possession.

Example:
Possessive: He was appointed NATO’s presiding secretary.
Plural: He studied the REMs of 200 sleeping subjects.

I hope this helps.

British vs. American Spelling List

Dear Mr. B:

You wrote:
Would you give me a list of all the British words that have spelling differences between American English?

Here are some examples;
endeavour, colour, programme, etc.

thank you much

I am not sure that anyone outside of a lexicographer could do that with any sort of guarantee, especially when you start to include scientific terms (e.g., aluminum vs. aluminium). Most of the common words and the common patterns (you note above -or vs. -our at the end of impersonal nouns) can be found at https://englishplus.com/grammar/00000186.htm .

It might be possible to make a fairly exhuastive list by using a full featured word processor which has both English and American spell checkers, such as Grammar Slammer Deluxe with Checkers. Load one of the dictionaries as a document, if possible, and then run the other spell checker to check it. Any flagged words would give you pretty good list.

I hope this helps.

Grammar Slammer with or without Checkers

Dear Mr. D:

You wrote:

> I’d like to find out how Grammar Slammer with Checkers works. Does it replace the grammar checker
> that Word uses or is this a separate reference guide?
>
Grammar Slammer is a separate reference guide. Sometimes the grammar checker
will ask you questions or give directions that you are not sure about. Use
Grammar Slammer to find out what to do. Also good for teaching and learning
grammar, letter writing, and usage difficulties. Grammar Slammer Deluxe with Checkers contains all this
plus full-featured grammar and spelling checkers you can use with most Windows editors including Word.

Try downloading a trial copy from our download page at https://englishplus.com/pub/ to see what they contain and what they can do for you.

Free Software?

>Hi
>I am a older woman in college and need help with grammar and spelling
> is there any free things on here that can help me with my letter
> writing. I would appreciate any help.
>
>
The free stuff is on our web site. Go to https://englishplus.com/grammar/ for
a pretty complete directory of English grammar usage and problems and a
section on letter writing.

For more detailed material for your personal computer, check out downloads
of sample programs at https://englishplus.com/pub/.

Prefixes Self- and Non- Together

Dear Ms. G:

You wrote:

In the phrase “The non-self-tapping screws are available.” Should there be two hyphens? One? I can’t figure this out.

Thanks.

“Non-self-tapping” is the best way. The prefix “self” is normally hyphenated. “Non” often is when it is used in a nonstandard or coined word as it is here. “Nonself-tapping” would be acceptable, but it is not as clear. (Does the screw tap a nonself?)

I Hope this helps.

Software for Homonyms?

Dear C:

You asked:

>Do you have a program for homonyms?

Our Grammar Slammer Deluxe programs and our free-standing e-book Spelling Slammer include confusing words overlooked by spell checkers, so that means they include a lot of homonyms. There is a small sample on the Grammar Slammer demo available at https://englishplus.com/pub/ . The complete programs or e-book include over 1100 words, many of which are homonyms or near homonyms.

I hope this helps.

Book Reviews and Observations on the English Language