Using “The”

Dear N:

You wrote:
> Is this sentence correct:
>
> 1-She was waiting for the man to repair the heating system to arrive.
> (The man’s job is repairing heating systems.)

No. You have misplaced modifier. It needs to read, “She was waiting for the man to arrive to repair the heating system.” The second infinitive phrase is adverbial and is more or less equivalent to “in order to repair.” If you
want to emphasize the work that the man does, you would refer him as a “repairman” or “heating system repair man.”
>
> 2-He is the man to drive us there tomorrow.
> Does this sentence mean:
> A-that he is the man who CAN drive us there tomorrow
> or:
> B-He is the man who has been given the job of driving us there tomorrow
> or:
> C-He is the man who WILL drive us there tomorrow
>

When we say someone is THE person TO do something, it is really idiomatic and means, “he is meant to” or “he is the best person to.” So you would be saying. “He is the best person (or the only person meant) to drive us there
tomorrow.”

> 3-He is the man to save the company.
> Does this sentence mean:
> A-He can save the company
> or
> B-He will save the company
> or
> C-He has been assigned to the task of saving the company
>
Again, see above. It closest to A but with emphasis–“He is the only one who can save the company” or “He is meant to save the company” or “He is the best person to save the company.” As you can see, this is a very emphatic
idiom.

[We note that questions concerning the use of articles in English come from people whose native language does not have articles or does not distinguish between definite and indefinite articles. This can be tricky for such people to grasp how articles are used in English. We hope this posting and others like it can help clarify this difficulty.]

Blond or Blonde as Adjective?

Dear J:

You asked:

> Hello —
> I read about blonde/blond on the site, and still have a question. I’ve
> heard that when used as an adjective, blond should be used, not blonde.
> (“The blond floozy hitchhiked to Los Angeles.”)
> Is that indeed the rule, or is that no longer true?
>
Authorities vary. It appears to be more common to use “blond” as the adjective, but some authorities still use “blonde” when referring to a woman. I have seen film reviews which will speak of a “blonde bombshell,”
for example. Whichever you choose, be consistent and I doubt if anyone will correct you.

What Makes a Sentence?

Dear LS:

You wrote:
> Is “The worm went” a sentence?
>
Yes it is. It has a subject (“worm”) and a verb (“went”). Of course, most of the time you would include information about where or how the worm went, but it is a bona fide sentence.

There Is or There Are?

Dear GC:

You wrote:
> Which is proper? There are approximately 150 linear feet in the project.
>
> Or
>
> There is approximately 150 linear feet in the project.
>
The first is correct. The subject is “feet,” which is plural. There is no reason to treat it as a collective noun (as “group”). “Are” goes with a plural subject.

A or An before Historic or Hispanic?

Dear Ann:

You wrote:
>
> Hi again,
>
> It’s me with another dilemma in our office. I say use ‘a’ before the word
> Hispanic and history. Other staff members say ‘an’ before history or
> Hispanic. My rule is ‘a’ before a consonant or consonant sound with ‘an’
> before vowels or vowel sounds. What do you guys say? Thanks.
>
> Ann
>
I hate to sound like a weasel on this one, but either one is OK. In writing, whichever you use, be consistent. Usually “history” takes an “a.” But many people say, for example, “an historic occasion.” It is more a matter of
local dialect and how much you emphasize the “h.” Both words come from languages in which the “h” is silent, so in many places the words are pronounced with little or no emphasis on the “h.”

Singular or Plural Verb?

Dear RB:

You wrote:

Dear Englishplus.com

I work for this Management Company in FL and my boss wrote a report which contains the following sentence:
“However, saying you have teams of 8’s, 9’s and 10’s and really having them is what sets A apart from other companies. ”
I think the verb is in the sentence is wrong it should be plural are. His partner who is an English Major and president of a major corporation also agrees with him. I think they are both wrong. I told him that sentences with plural subject must have a plural verb but he doesn’t agree with me. He says “saying” and “really having” requires a singular verb.

In my opinion the sentence should read:
“However, saying you have teams of 8’s, 9’s and 10’s and really having them are what sets A apart from other companies.”
What is the correct verb to use?

This is a good question and a bit of a tricky one. In modern American English both can be correct. The problem is that the predicate nominative is singular, in this case “what.” In English when we have a singular predicate nominative with a plural subject, a lot times we do make the verb singular. That has become common usage especially if you want to emphasize that the two items in the subject belong together. Note that people say “2 and 2 is four” just as much as they say “2 and 2 are four.”

However, you are in the most technical sense more precise because the subject is plural. If you want to emphasize the two parts to the subject, say “both saying and having.” Then the subject is unambiguously made up of two parts and the verb “are” should be used. However, you can just as easily reverse the order of the subject and predicate nominative and say “what sets us apart is saying and having.” In that case the verb “is” makes sense.

There is also another factor. Who is your audience?

If you are writing to an American audience, “is” should work fine, though there is nothing wrong with “are” here. However, if your audience is international and includes people from the UK, Ireland, or Commonwealth countries like India, then you should use “are.” This is understandable to Americans (just as “2 plus 2 are four” is) and follows the British practice using plurals with collective expressions. (Remember, in England they say “the government are.”)

I hope this helps.

Pronouns Ending in -self

Dear D:

You wrote:

> Dear Sirs:
>
> Can you please tell me which is the correct pronoun usage below?
>
> “Dear Joan: it was a pleasure to meet with Dan, Dennis and yourself last
> week”
>
> OR
>
> “Dear Joan: it was a pleasure to meet with Dan, Dennis and you last
> week”
>

There is no reason to say “yourself.” “You” is sufficient. “Yourself” is used either reflexively (when you do something to yourself as “I gave myself a bath”) or intensively (when you want to emphasize the individual
accomplishment or status as “He did it all by himself”). Also, any pronun with “self” needs an antecedent. “You” does not have one here.

For more see https://englishplus.com/grammar/00000027.htm “Pronouns Ending in -Self.”

Compliment vs. Complement

Dear J:

You wrote:

I would like to see a “Compliment vs. Complement” section at https://englishplus.com/grammar/00000160.htm#C. That mistake drives me crazy for some reason.

Thanks,
Joey

That is in our Spelling Slammer program which is part of Grammar Slammer Deluxe or as a separate e-book. There are many other similar words in that. That is not online. I hate to sound too commercial, but you might want to think about buying it. In the meantime, this is what we wrote:

Complement or Compliment?
Complement is something that makes complete. It can also be used as a verb to mean “to make complete.” It is related to the word complete; therefore, the letter e follows the pl.
The adjective form is complementary.

Compliment is a favor or words spoken expressing admiration. It can also be used to as a verb to mean “to speak highly of.” It is related to the word comply; therefore, an i follows the pl.
The adjective form is complimentary. In modern usage, complimentary often means “free, with our compliments.”

That definition for the grammatical term complement is found at https://englishplus.com/grammar/00000075.htm .
I hope this helps.

Ending Sentences – Parenthesis? Two Spaces?

Dear A:

You wrote:

>
> How should one end a sentence that ends with a paren which is immediately
> preceded by something that requires a period, such as an abbreviation?
>
> Thanks for your help.
>
> How should the following be typed:
>
> …….of instructional development (Standard I.C.I.). The remainder of
> the…..
>
> OR
>
> ……of instructional development (Standard I.C.I.) The remainder of
> the…..
>
The first is correct. The second is confusing. Note that today many abbreviations are spelled without periods today. I use the example of person with an abbreviation after his name (John Smith, Jr.).

> Which would be the correct format for ending the sentence with parentheses
> and starting the next line? We were taught that the beginning of the next
> sentence always has 2 typed spaces at the beginning of each sentence
> (usually after punctuation).

The standard typewriter textbooks taught that there should be two spaces after a sentence-ending period. Most businesses followed this practice when letters were typed on typewriters. This helped the sentence stand out better.

Today with various fonts and word processors, this standard is hard to follow. One word processor I use flags two spaces together as an error. Two spaces after a period is strictly a style standard, not a rule. Because of what that word processor did to me, I no longer follow it. A friend who works in office applications training (Word, Word Perfect, etc.) says that not too many businesses follow the standard today. With HTML, for example, you can’t, unless you write in a special code for the extra space. Such is progress.

Personal Pronoun Following Linking Verb

Dear A:

You wrote:

> Hi there.
>
> I contacted your website a while ago regarding how to address a former Vice
> President of the U.S. You were very helpful then and I hope you can help
> me now.
>
> I argue that the following is correct:
>
> 1) “It is she who will be involved in the major event.”
> OR
> 2) “This is she.” (as one would respond on the phone when asked for by name)
>
> A staff member argues differently (against this). They seem to think we
> should use “her” in these situations.
>
> WHO IS CORRECT?…. if either. Thanks.
>
The grammatically correct versions in both cases are those written here. “It is she who will be…” and “This is she.”

In both cases the position calls for the nominative case pronoun since it is a predicate nominative. Having said that, in everyday speech, both in the US and the UK, people do commonly say “This is her” without any ambiguity.
If I were quoting a conversation, I would not change it. But if I was in a situation where my grammar might make a difference in how I am perceived, I would say “This is she” or “It is she.”

Book Reviews and Observations on the English Language